Digital Transformation of the National Economy: Problems and Solutions

Abstract

The article examines the essence and problems of digital transformation of the national economy in the context of the Republic of Tajikistan. It substantiates the thesis that digitalization is not only technological modernization, but also a fundamental civilizational shift affecting the social, economic, and anthropological foundations of society. It reveals the key characteristics of the digital transition, such as the transition to networked management models, the formation of a new "infosphere," and the dual nature of digitalization, which carries both enormous opportunities and new risks and threats. The main systemic problems faced by Tajikistan on the path to digital transformation are highlighted: limited infrastructure, especially in rural areas; a shortage of skilled personnel; institutional contradictions; threats in the field of cybersecurity; and socio-cultural barriers. Specific ways to overcome the identified problems are proposed as solutions, systematized in the form of a roadmap that includes such priority areas as infrastructure development, digitization of public administration, support for innovation, transformation of education, modernization of the agro-industrial sector, and ensuring cybersecurity. The conclusion draws on the need to synthesize technological progress and humanistic values to ensure the sustainable and strategically independent development of Tajikistan's digital economy.